Tchaikovsky’s three ballets – Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker – are all much-loved treasures of the balletic canon, having undergone countless performances and reinterpretations. Yet this was not always so. It took time for their status to be established, and reactions to the productions were decidedly mixed during Tchaikovsky’s lifetime. Particularly saddening is the fact that the great composer died believing Swan Lake, perhaps his most celebrated ballet today, to be a failure – although this is in part due to the fact that the choreography most associated with the work today was developed after his death. The Sleeping Beauty, meanwhile, suffered the insult of a lukewarm imperial reception on its presentation to Tsar Alexander III in 1890; and Tchaikovsky himself believed The Nutcracker to be an inferior work, ‘infinitely worse than Sleeping Beauty’, in his own words.
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